What is Task-oriented Training & How to Do - Centro de Ictus
Task-oriented training (TOT) is a popular new technology for upper limb functional rehabilitación after ictus based on motor control and motor learning. Task-oriented training is a functional task based on the interaction between the individual, the task and the environment. Patients can actively try to solve problems encountered in functional tasks while adapting to changes in the environment, and help patients learn methods to solve target tasks.
Theoretical basis of task-oriented training
TOT is the most representative clinical retraining method based on motor control theory. It focuses on training functional tasks and adaptability to environmental changes. The functions obtained through training must be able to be transformed into the real environment. It is a training method that designs specific tasks or activities based on individual abilities and training goals and guides patients to complete these tasks or activities through active attempts to mejorar motor skills.
Repeated task-oriented training can affect the adaptability of the central nervous system and promote the reorganization of brain functions. Factors that promote functional reconstruction include repeated reinforcement, interest, challenge, social communication, and specific rather than abstract training projects or goals. The goals and tasks set by task-oriented training are concrete rather than abstract. For example, taking the upper limb to pick up an object is a specific task. Completing this action involves visual and tactile input, and the brain judges and integrates information. And the effective control of the system by the nerves, and then through the feedback of failure or success, the movimiento pattern is continuously adjusted to form an optimized neural network and movimiento program, which controls the specific sequence, speed, fuerza and other mechanical characteristics of the relevant muscles to complete this specific task. Promote the development of adaptability, feedforward and coordination abilities. However, if the upper limbs only do flexion and extension or simple extension without specific goals, the information input and integration mentioned above will be lost, and the movimiento mechanics characteristics will be completely different, turning it into an empty joint activity. Task-oriented training also emphasizes active participation in controlled application and individualized tratamiento, mainly focusing on functional training in daily life and repeated reinforcement.
Clinical Application of Task-Oriented Training
TOT focuses on helping patients acquire the ability to solve problems, and its related theories and methods are increasingly widely used in the rehabilitación tratamiento of patients with various motor functions, especially motor dysfunction caused by central nervous system damage. In the past ten years, many scholars have focused on TOT and continued to explore and optimize applicable groups and clinical rehabilitación programs. Studies have found that TOT combined with mirror terapia can mejorar mano motor función in patients with unilateral neglect after ictus. Based on conventional training, task-oriented training is supplemented, and mirror terapia is used to activate before each task-oriented training.
Mirror neuron system, task-oriented training applies the learned mirror movements to real-life activities, such as practising pronation and supination of the forearm, flexion and extension of the wrist joint, and grasping and relaxing of the mano in a mirror environment. Practice grabbing a cylindrical bottle or moving a cup to the perioral area in a real environment. In addition, for patients with upper limb and mano dysfunction after ictus, transcranial direct current stimulation combined with task-oriented training can be used to help patients complete common daily activities such as reaching for objects, grabbing and placing water cups, and completing drinking water.
The results show that a combined program of task-oriented training can reduce músculo tone and promote motor función recuperación in ictus patients. It was found through resting-state magnetic resonance studies that the above combined program including task-oriented training had a significant impact on resting-state spontaneous brain activity. The underlying neural mechanism for promoting the recuperación of motor función in ictus patients may be related to the ALFF in the anterior cerebellar lobe. Enhance relevance. The TOT program combined with motor imagery refers to task-oriented training that is performed immediately after the paciente completes the motor imagination. The motor movements in the imagined environment are applied to actual activities, such as eating movimiento exercises of the upper limbs. Research results prove that this program can reduce the risk of ictus. The functional connection between the MI area and the SMA area on both sides of the paciente was enhanced, which promoted the normalization of cerebral cortical remodelling in ictus patients. The DTI analysis results showed that the FA value of the affected hemisphere in ictus patients increased, which also suggested that this program promoted the myelination of myelinated fibres. The reshaping of elements. In terms of lower limb función, transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation combined with task-oriented training can significantly mejorar the lower limb motor función and caminar ability of patients with hemiplegia after subacute ictus and enhance their ankle joint control.
In summary, task-oriented training can mejorar the functional impairment of ictus patients, strengthen their daily activities, and mejorar their quality of life. It is worthy of further research and promotion.
You can also conduct task-oriented training with Syrebo Mano Rehabilitación Robot. How to do? Check out our rehabilitación class to learn more