What are the basic principles of neurorehabilitation?（1） - Centro de Ictus

Neurorehabilitation is a complex médico process designed to aid in recuperación from nervous system damage and to minimize or compensate for any resulting functional changes. For a long time, due to the influence of the view that "neural cells cannot regenerate after death", the academic community has always believed that it is difficult to recover after severe nerve lesión. The practice of clinical rehabilitación medicine has confirmed that: the función of lesión and neurological diseases can be recovered; the brain is plastic, and the función of the brain can be reorganized after brain lesión. The list goes on for many brain-injured patients who recover, restore damaged neurological función, and even return to work. Therefore, mastering the principles of rehabilitación is related to how to make the best recuperación from nervous system damage.

Common situation

Ictus Recuperación, Cerebral Palsy, Parkinson's Disease, Brain Lesión, Hypoxic Brain Lesión, Traumatic Brain Lesión, Multiple Sclerosis, Post-Political Syndrome, Guillain-Barré Syndrome.

The meaning of neurorehabilitation

By focusing on all aspects of a person, neurorehabilitation offers a range of treatments from psychological to occupational, teaches or retrains the paciente's motor skills, communication processes, and other aspects of the person's daily activities. Neurorehabilitation also focuses on the nutritional, psychological and creative aspects of a person's recuperación.

Neurorehabilitation Principles 1 : Early Rehabilitation

At this stage, patients generally show flaccid paralysis, with no voluntary músculo contractions and no joint response, and the body is basically in a state of complete relaxation; it is equivalent to Brunnstrom recuperación stage 1-2.

In general, once a paciente's condition has stabilized for 48 to 72 hours, recuperación can be considered. The purpose of early rehabilitación is to maximize the preservation of the paciente's remaining functions and to avoid "disuse syndrome" caused by "braking" or "disuse".

Stimulate the nerves and muscles of the lower limbs, enhance the fuerza of the muscles of the lower limbs, and prevent músculo atrophy;

Mejorar the blood circulation of the lower extremities, strengthen the blood supply, and mejorar the nutritional supply of the lower extremities.

The passive motion at the bedside drives the paciente's limbs to perform active and passive training through the motor. It stimulates músculo movimiento through correct movimiento patterns, stimulates nerve tissue, improves blood circulation in affected limbs, promotes metabolism, increases joint movilidad, and promotes the recuperación of limb función.

Neurorehabilitation Principles 2 : Active Rehabilitation

With the in-depth research on the theory and practice of neuroplasticity and functional reorganization in academia, it has been clarified that the recuperación and reconstruction of neurological función after lesión is largely practice-dependent, time-dependent and dose-dependent in rehabilitación tratamiento. of. Active rehabilitación emphasizes that patients actively complete neurological activities, rather than relying on passive movimiento.

Therefore, in order to achieve the "maximum" effect of neurorehabilitation, it must rely on the paciente's active participation in various neurological activities. Passive rehabilitación methods should be minimized.

Through the mode of "upper limb drives lower limbs, healthy side drives the affected side, and one limb drives three limbs", it helps patients to do active exercise training for early functional movements.

The upper limb is a "stretch and reach" movimiento pattern, and the lower limb is a "pedal and step" pattern, which is beneficial to the reconstruction of the movimiento program after ictus.

Neurorehabilitation Principles 3 : Appropriate Rehabilitation

This principle is relative to the improper use of rehabilitación techniques. Only by using appropriate rehabilitación techniques can the neurological función move forward along the correct rehabilitación trajectory and avoid detours. For example, spasticity is an inevitable phase of recuperación for nearly every brain-injured paciente. Improper training of upper and lower extremity fuerza can aggravate the spastic pattern of upper extremity flexors and lower extensor muscles, and eventually leave patients with disabilities. It can even be said that "improper training is worse than no training".